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There are several theories of the expansion of Homo to modern man but scientists agree on a few points. Homo habilis, our oldest ancestor identified (3 million years ago), is located in the cradle of Africa. Homo erects who emigrated first from Africa to Asia there are 2 million years … Then a second time to Europe 1 million years later. So all 500000 fossils found in Africa confirms that Homo erects evolved into modern man.



Portrait of William Blake
100000 years ago, in Asia and the Middle East there is such an evolution to Homo sapiens. In Europe towards - 40000 appears Cro-Magnon. All these fossils are unanimous … And the methods of dating confirm. Trends in Hominid post Pascal Picq
The main stages of human evolution
For Teilhard de Chardin “human evolution is all evolutionary processes by which men have acquired the characteristics that set them apart from other primates.”
The evolution of the genus Homo is characterized by:
* The bipedal ism is the first stage of human evolution among Australopithecus’s gained.
Other steps are being put in place gradually.
* The increase brain from 300-400 cm3 among Australopithecus’s approximately 1400 cm3 in humans, but would… Homo sapient neanderthalensis had a higher cranial volume of the order of 1600 cm3. By comparing skulls and casts endocrâniens shows an increase in the volume and cranial vascular increasingly important.
* The language requires the presence of a vocal and the development of certain brain areas (Broca’s area). By casts endocrâniens and studies bases skulls, specialists estimate that Homo erectus could talk.
Chinese
Hypotheses are proposed for human evolution. They should be taken with caution.
The African origin of man made so far by unanimity of the scientific community, even if the opening of some countries, especially Asia, can bring surprises likely to stoke controversy. The date of his appearance, that the discoveries of Toumai in Chad in 2001 and Orrorin in Kenya in 2000, pushed back, is about - 7 MA. It seems to get closer to the last common ancestor to Panidés and Hominids.
Toumai
The fossil remains of Toumai were discovered in the upper Miocene Toros-Menella, coupled with a rich fauna whose degree evolving has created an age biochron estimated to be between 6 and 7 million years old. Six hominid fossils have been discovered in the area Toros-Menella: a sub-complete skull, three isolated teeth and two lower jaw fragments, representing five different individuals belonging to the same species. The fossil remains were unearthed in a sandstone périlacustre bordering Chad paléolac.
Skull of Sahelanthropus tchadensis
The skull sub-Full Touamï was found July 19, 2001 by Ahounta Djimdoumaldaye, doing his master’s degree at the University of Poitiers. Following the announcement of the discovery of Toumai, a few people expressed strong assumption that Toumai shoot up to the gorillas. Other people, and many more who had the skull in hand, have argued that Toumai belongs to shoot people. So what is it?
The context of the site does not present levels of volcanic needed for radiochronologie therefore not absolute dating. The age was estimated by dating relative, considering the degree of evolutionary mammals, including elephants and Suiformes. The level also presents several animal species whose Libycosaurus dated upper Miocene.
Phylogeny of the Man of Toumai
The estimation of the age of other species associated allowed to propose an age between -6 and -7 million years. The above diagram is trying to place those fossils in the human phylogeny.
Iroquois
Table summarizing the main stages of the origin of man
Years
What happened
70 MA
Or tertiary Cenozoic Era ( “Life recent “)…
Purgatorius (USA)
Small primates (between rats and lemur)
35 MA
20 MA
Proconsul
32 teeth
Primates higher
Separation of small (cercopithèques) and great apes (hominoids)
7 MA
“X” pithèques (pithecus = monkey)
(Dryo-, bike-,-ardi …)
The initial separation from the other great apes
4.5 MA
Australopithecus ramidus
(Southern = South)
Discovered in 1994 by T. White
4.1 MA
Australopithecus anamensis
Discovered in 1995 by Mr. Leaky (Kenya)
3.5 MA
Australopithecus bahrelghazali
(Abel)
Discovered in 1995 by Mr. Brunet (Chad)
3 MA
Australopithecus afarensis
And the other: then africanus
Robustus, boisei
The beginnings of the hominid: bipedalism
Lucy (1974)
2.5 MA
Homo Habilis (aust. Rudolfensis)
Homo Genre: Tool (called into question these days)
1.5 MA
Quaternary Era
Homo Erectus
Australopithecus ergaster
First in Africa and Asia and Europe: caves inhabited (eg Tautavel) - Groupe widespread
Lake Turkana, good hunter bipedal
400000 years
Paleolithic
Erectus
The Fire (ex: Terra Amata, Nice)
180000 years
Homo Neandertalensis
Sub-groups which one leads us
Neanderthal exists in Europe, the near and Middle East;
It disappears there 30000 years
100000 years
Homo sapiens
Africa, Middle East, Europe
Funeral Rites
30000 years
Homo Sapiens
(France: Cro-Magnon)
Art
10000 years
Neolithic
Sedentarization and agriculture